What historical event marked the end of Muslim rule in parts of Spain?

The Reconquista was a significant historical event that marked the end of Muslim rule in parts of Spain, specifically the long process of reclaiming the Iberian Peninsula by Christian kingdoms from Muslim rulers who had dominated large areas since the early 8th century. This period lasted approximately 780 years, culminating in 1492 with the conquest of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain, by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.

The Reconquista played a crucial role not only in shaping the territorial boundaries of modern Spain but also in the cultural and religious dynamics of the region, leading to the establishment of a predominantly Christian society after centuries of coexistence between Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The completion of the Reconquista added to the narrative of national identity and paved the way for Spain's emergence as a powerful European nation-state and colonial empire in the years that followed.

In contrast, the other events mentioned, such as the fall of Constantinople and the signing of the Magna Carta, pertain to different historical contexts and regions, while the establishment of the Spanish Empire occurred after the Reconquista and was influenced by its results.