What is termed as the Spine of Europe?

The Alps are referred to as the Spine of Europe due to their central and mountainous location that runs across multiple countries, including France, Switzerland, Italy, and Austria. This mountain range serves not only as a significant geographical feature but also as a cultural and climatic divide that shapes the physical landscape and influences the environmental conditions across Europe. The Alps support diverse ecosystems and are vital for water resources, as many major rivers originate from this region. Their towering peaks and extensive range play a pivotal role in the geography of Europe, thereby earning them the title of its "spine."

In contrast, while the Pyrenees form a natural border between France and Spain, they do not run through as many countries or have the same central impact on the continent. The Carpathians are primarily located in Eastern Europe and are less frequently recognized for their role in shaping the geography of the entire continent compared to the Alps. The Apennines, situated in Italy, create a backbone for that specific region rather than affecting Europe at large.