What strategy did European nations employ due to various invasions?

The strategy employed by European nations in response to various invasions was primarily characterized by defensive strategies. Throughout history, many European states faced invasions from neighboring countries, tribes, and nomadic groups. In such contexts, nations often prioritized the fortification of their borders, the establishment of defensive military pacts, and preparations for warfare to protect their territory and sovereignty.

Defensive strategies included building strongholds, enhancing military capabilities, and, in some cases, even retreating to more defensible positions. These actions were essential for ensuring the survival and stability of these nations amidst the constant threat of invasion. While options like expansionist policies and colonization may refer to proactive territorial control, the defensive approach was distinctly reactive, aiming to safeguard existing lands rather than seeking new ones. Similarly, while diplomatic alliances could also be formed as a defensive measure, the primary focus during times of invasion was on immediate defense, reflection of the urgent need to address existential threats.