Which relationship illustrates the concept of core and periphery in geography?

The relationship between Francia as a core and the surrounding regions as periphery effectively illustrates the core-periphery model in geography. In this context, the core refers to a region that is economically, politically, and socially dominant, exhibiting high levels of development and infrastructure. Francia, historically significant in Europe, serves as a powerful hub of cultural and economic activity, influencing not only its immediate surroundings but also broader regions.

The surrounding regions, identified as periphery, typically experience less economic development, have limited political power, and may depend on the core for resources, markets, and opportunities. This dynamic can result in a disparity between the wealth and opportunities available in the core as opposed to the periphery. In this light, Francia as a core effectively demonstrates the uneven development characteristic of the core-periphery model, showcasing the relationships between developed and less-developed areas.

The other choices do not align as closely with the core-periphery model as they feature relationships that may not reflect a clear distinction in levels of development or influence between the core and periphery.