Which two main regions are historically known to have contested over the Fertile Crescent?

The Fertile Crescent, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization," is a historically significant region that witnessed some of the earliest developments of agriculture and urbanization. It spans parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan. The correct recognition of contested regions related to the Fertile Crescent must take into account the geographical and historical contexts that define the interactions among the various cultures and states in that area.

The relationship between highland and lowland regions has been significant in the historical contestation over the Fertile Crescent due to factors such as resource availability, agriculture, and settlement patterns. In contrast to the correct identification, the mention of mountain and desert regions doesn't correspond with the historical significance of the Fertile Crescent. The desert, while present in the surrounding areas, does not encapsulate the essence of the rich agricultural landscapes and cultural exchanges that occurred within the Fertile Crescent.

The primary contenders in the Fertile Crescent's history involved dynamics between lowland areas characterized by fertile agricultural lands and highland territories that had different socio-political and economic structures. Therefore, the focus on highland and lowland is apt, as it reflects the historical reality of conflict, trade, and cultural exchange inherent in the region's